18, pp. With regards to the area below the chin, it should be remembered that the limit of the face in length starts from the point where the hairline usually begins to the bottom of the chin, and in breadth the portion between the two earlobes. Volk, Anthony. Wearing hijabs was negatively correlated with reports of sexual harassment. It is similar to that which is considered Awra in prayer (salat). There are several types of veils which cover the face in part or in full. In principle, it is permissible for the spouses to look at any part of each others body. Anything above the ankles is from the Awra without a doubt. [119] Iran's current penal code stipulates a fine or 10 days to two months in prison as punishment for failure to observe hijab in public, without specifying its form. The whole concept and idea behind this is that Islam desires its followers to live a life that is chaste and free from any type of corruption or immorality. [183]  The same study also reports differences among South Asian Muslim women who wear the hijab, and those who do not. The late-twentieth century saw a resurgence of the hijab in Egypt after a long period of decline as a result of westernization. In the terminology of Islamic Jurisprudence, Awra refers to the area or part of the body that must be covered with appropriate clothing. Her Asr prayer timing was much earlier than ours. (See Radd al-Muhtar, 1/405). [61][62][63][64] The ban was lifted from universities in 2008,[65] from government buildings in 2013,[66] and from schools in 2014.[67]. Traditionally, the four major Sunni schools of thought (Hanafi, Shafi'i, Maliki and Hanbali) hold by consensus that it is obligatory for the entire body of the woman (see awrah), except her hands and face (and feet according to Hanafis) to be covered during prayer and in the presence of people of the opposite sex other than close family members (whom one is forbidden to marry—see mahram). Therefore, it would be permissible for a woman to uncover besides the area between the navel and knees, and the stomach and back in front of her non-Muslim Mahrams, provided two conditions are met: 1)That there be no desire (shahwah) or fear of temptation (fitna), especially when we live in a age where evils such as incest among the non-Muslims is becoming common. Hamdani, D. (March 2005). As the awakening movement gained momentum, its goals matured and shifted from promoting modesty towards more of a political stance in terms of retaining support for Pan-Islamism and a symbolic rejection of Western culture and norms. Why don't you make her wear the headscarf? The surviving representations of veiled Jewish women may reflect general Roman customs rather than particular Jewish practices. [116] A new regulation issued in 1988 by the Ministry of the Interior based on the 1983 law further specified what constituted violations of hijab.

(Radd al-Muhtar, 6/371). Wear your beautiful apparel (zeenah) at every time and place of prayer.” (Surah al-A’raf, 31), The majority of the Companions (Allah be pleased with them all), their followers (tabi’un), Jurists and exegetes of the Qur’an have deduced from this verse (along with the other evidences) the obligation of covering one’s Awra in prayer.

[110], It was found that despite some feminists attempting to speak for Muslim women to claim that Islam and the hijab is "oppressive", such narratives fails to take into account the voices of some real Muslim women. The discrimination Muslim women face goes beyond affecting their work experience, it also interferes with their decision to uphold religious obligations. The Awra of a woman in front of fellow Muslim women is the same to that which is a man’s Awra in front of other men, i.e. [113], A replication of these studies in a French setting finds Muslim women who wore the hijab reported lower weight discrepancy, body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and pressure to conform to Western media beauty standards. [74] The best known early Christian view on veiling is the passage in 1 Corinthians 11:4-7, which states that "every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head". The Iranian government has enforced their penal dress codes less strictly and instead of imprisonment as a punishment have implemented mandatory reform classes in the liberal capital, Tehran. Also nowadays, Fitnahs such as lesbianism have become so wide spread that it has become necessary for women to observe caution with non-Muslim women. 3. Thus, she is not allowed to see the body of a Muslim woman”. Covering the feet is just as important as covering the face if not more, for the face is not considered part of Awra, whilst, there is a strong opinion in the Hanafi Madhhab (and the Fatwa opinion in the other madhhabs) that the feet are.

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