This, in turn, increased sectionalism in the North and South, one of the factors that led to the war. The Family History … Historians have estimated that there were 50,000 civilian deaths during the Civil War and have concluded that the overall mortality rate for the South exceeded that of any country in World War I and most of the regions in World War II. Benjamin, Park. The regiment was present for Gen. Robert E. Lee's surrender to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House. The ship arrived in New York on the 29 and the Navy Department, the Army and the Secretary of War discussed where to relocate the Naval Academy and the USS Constitution. Civil War soldiers from Massachusetts: Association of Massachusetts Minute Men of 61, photo published in History and Complete Roster of the Massachusetts Regiments. Private companies such as Smith & Wesson enjoyed significant U.S. government contracts. [A letter from the War Department to the Adjutant General of the Commonwealth, dated October 24, 1896, gives the place of death.] Share to Twitter. [14] Lincoln awaited the arrival of additional regiments, but none arrived for several days. The most important source of armaments in Massachusetts was the Springfield Armory of the United States Department of War. In 1856, Sumner delivered a scathing speech in the United States Senate at the criticizing and insulting pro-slavery southern politicians. Nason. Visit this site's About page to find out more about Rebecca. Sort By. (April 12, 1861 - April 6, 1865) Cemetery Visibility: Public. Dead (Combat) (401910 bytes) 14. Brigadier General Benjamin Butler Following the Battle of Fredericksburg, he resigned his command in January 1863 and was to be transferred to command the Department of the Missouri, but died of a heart attack en route on March 21, 1863. On April 20, a vessel carrying General Benjamin Butler and the 8th Massachusetts regiment arrived in Annapolis and when Blake told him of his concerns for the ship, Butler assigned a contingent of troops, the Salem Zuaves from Salem, Mass, to guard the Constitution and ordered a group of Marblehead, Mass sailors to report to the USS Constitutions commander, and also offered to assist if it became necessary to evacuate the ship. Massachusetts. [20] On January 26, 1863, he was promoted to command of the Army of the Potomac. Official statistics are not available for the number of wounded. [50], In 1869, Boston was the site of the National Peace Jubilee, a massive gala to honor veterans and to celebrate the return of peace. He had served in the Regular Army during the Mexican-American war and numerous campaigns in the West. Dead (Combat) (403429 bytes) 15. Dead (Combat) (400015 bytes) 17. this information was great and helped a lot with my project, View all posts by Rebecca Beatrice Brooks, Abigail Williams: The Mysterious Afflicted Girl. Dead (Combat) (401855 bytes) 10. Dead (Combat) (378279 bytes) 13. In addition, many Massachusetts Regiment reported to Faneuil Hall on April 16, 1861 to receive new equipment before marching off to war the following afternoon. It was the second primarily Irish American volunteer infantry regiment recruited in Massachusetts for service in the American Civil War (the first being the 9th Massachusetts). History of the Forty-Eighth Regiment, M.V.M. Archived copies of the Plymouth newspapers issued during the war, provide a detailed account of the men that served and of the impact on the lives of Plymouth citizens through letters from the men serving, articles about them, … [19] After securing permission from President Lincoln, Andrew, black abolitionist Frederick Douglass and others recruited two regiments of African American soldiers, the 54th and the 55th Massachusetts Infantries. That the Massachusetts militia was effectively prepared in April, 1861, was due not so much to last minute individual efforts as to a long military tradition in that state, a tradition fostered over the years by a group of militia enthusiasts who were willing to devote an inordinate share of their time and energy to its betterment as a military force. Following that battle, he was placed in command of the V Corps and then the Center Grand Division of the Army of the Potomac, consisting of the III and V Corps. Sixth Massachusetts Regiment During the war, the fort served as a prison for Confederate POWs. Share via email. However, a century of military experience garnered by this nation since 1861 indicates that effective military forces are not created overnight—or in thirteen weeks. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_in_the_American_Civil_War&oldid=1016944606, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 April 2021, at 22:26. Almost every American would have known friends, family members, or neighbors who marched off to war, many never to return. While en route to D.C. the 6th Massachusetts regiment was attacked by a pro-secession mob in Baltimore, MD, and became the first volunteer troops to suffer casualties in the war when Corporal Sumner Henry Needham, and several others, were killed in the attack. Hooker resigned his command upon the promotion of Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard to the command of the Army of the Tennessee, a post to which Hooker felt entitled. Losses in the 20th included two grandsons of patriot Paul Revere who were taken prisoner, and future Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell … The next day, several companies of the 8th Massachusetts Volunteer Militia from Marblehead, Massachusetts were the first to report in Boston;[13] by the end of the day, three regiments were ready to start for Washington. This prompted Representative Preston Brooks of South Carolina to later attack Senator Sumner on the Senate floor, severely beating him over the head and shoulders with a cane. The campaign ended his military career in the field. during the Civil War. [2] During the 1860 presidential election, 63 percent of Massachusetts voters supported Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party, 20 percent supported Stephen Douglas of the northern wing of the Democratic Party, 13 percent supported John Bell and the temporary third party Constitutional Union Party and 4 percent supported John C. In 1908, a plaque was attached to the monument in memory of another Lowell native who died that day–Private Charles A. Taylor. When rumors began to spread that Confederates in Maryland and in Virginia planned to attack the Naval Academy and capture the ship, Captain George S. Blake, the superintendent of the academy, asked the Navy Department for protection and asked Welles if he would be allowed to sail the ship to Philadelphia or New York if it came under attack. The first regiment featured is the 19th Massachusetts Infantry. As it was already en route to New York it was too late to do so. Eight Massachusetts Regiment The state was dominated by the Republican Party and was also home to many Radical Republican leaders who promoted harsh treatment of slave owners and, later, the former civilian leaders of the Confederate States of America and the military officers in the Confederate States Army.[2]. When officials received reports of Confederate privateers in Buzzard’s Bay and the Long Island Sound in 1861, troops were ordered to build a sand battery with three 24-pound guns at Clark’s Point in New Bedford and the coast guard, home guards and artillery companies were ordered to man the guns at Fort Phoenix in Fairhaven and at Fort Taber at Clark’s Point. Spanning five days, the event featured a chorus of nearly 11,000 and an orchestra of more than 500 musicians. Rebecca is a freelance journalist and history lover who got her start in journalism working for small-town newspapers in Massachusetts and New Hampshire after she graduated from the University of New Hampshire with a B.A. [17] However, by the summer of 1862, recruiting had slowed considerably. The number that is most often quoted is 620,000. But it was Maine rather than Massachusetts that kept the flag afloat at the spanker-gaff of sailing ships.”. A historic Civil War fort that was also utilized as a prison for Confederate military and political prisoners. These Massachusetts regiments, who reported for duty in Boston on April 15, were some of the first troops to respond to the call to arms and later reached Washington on the anniversary of the Battles of Lexington and Concord. [41] Despite this loss, the Republican Party in Massachusetts would become stronger than ever in the post-war years. [10] Massachusetts annually re-elected him by large margins for the duration of the war—his smallest margin of victory occurred in 1860 for his first election, with 61 percent of the popular vote and his largest later in 1863 with 71 percent. The 28th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment was well known as the fourth regiment of the famed Irish Brigade, commanded by Brig. Massachusetts Revolutionary War Pensioners' Receipts, 1799-1807 American Ancestors . Boston citizens who supported the Union did so wholeheartedly. If it cannot be done, destroy her.” After the evacuation and attack on nearby Fort Norfolk on April 20, Blake received intelligence that a Confederate attack on the USS Constitution was imminent and sent a small armed schooner, the Rainbow, to patrol the Severn River and Chesapeake Bay. Nonetheless, although these early responders were only required to serve for 90 days, many of them served the entire duration of the war after their regiments were incorporated into the Twenty-Ninth Regiment, and many of their names show up on the rolls for most of the Civil War battles. The birthplace or residence of the … Massachusetts Civil War soldiers and sailors, 1861-1865 Family History Library Massachusetts Revolutionary War Bounty Land Applications, 1805-1845 Family Search . Massachusetts was a free state in the Civil War era and supported the Union cause. Conceived by composer Patrick Gilmore, who had served in an army band, the celebration was held in a colossal arena in Boston's Back Bay neighborhood designed to hold 100,000 attendees and specifically built for the occasion. The 54th Massachusetts won fame in their assault on Battery Wagner on Morris Island in Charleston Harbor, during which Col. Shaw was killed. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts played a significant role in national events prior to and during the American Civil War (1861-1865). During the Civil War, the ship served as a training ship for cadets at the Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland in 1861. Boston newspapers reported tirelessly on the war and Boston citizens responded with glee or sadness with each Union victory or defeat. At the start of the war, the Springfield Armory was one of only two federal armories in the country. The earthworks were finally completed, armed and garrisoned in 1864. Senators Charles Sumner and Henry Wilson who espoused Garrison's views and further increased sectionalism. Long Island is situated in the middle of Boston Harbor, Massachusetts. The Maritime History of Massachusetts, 1783-1860. Paul was wounded at Antietam and survived but was killed almost a year later during the Battle of Gettysburg. The 54th, because it was the first such regiment, attracted tremendous publicity during its formation. For a time, the Radical Republicans made progress on their agenda of dramatic reform measures. The Ninth participated in the Battle of Malvern Hill on 1 July 1862 as part of the Peninsular Campaign waged by the Union Army intending to capture the city of Richmond. Private. A total of 13,942 of these Massachusetts soldiers and sailors died in the Civil War. The 69th … Brigadier General Ebenezer W. Pierce The Massachusetts Civil War Research Center has a name searchable database of over 150,000 soldiers, sailors and marines and brief histories of many Massachusetts regiments (with more to be added). [19] To ensure the success of the experiment, Andrew solicited donations and political support from many of Boston's elite families. The Sanitary Commission, established by President Lincoln on June 13, 1861, provided nurses (mostly female) with medical supplies and organized hospital ships and soldiers' homes. First Battery of Light Artillery, The generals and officers handpicked by the Governor of Massachusetts to lead these regiments were: Brewster - Harwich, Barnstable Co., MA, First Church Records, Part 1 - 16 Oct 1700 to 29 Apr 1733; Brewster - Harwich, Barnstable Co., MA, First Church Records, Part 2 - 13 May 1733 to 3 Jun 1744 Bellows's aim was to convince the government to establish a civilian auxiliary branch of the Army Medical Bureau. [48] By the 1870s, Radical Republicans had diminished in power and Reconstruction proceeded along more moderate lines. Moved to Boston, Mass., via Cairo, Ill., August 9-23. Growing industrialism, partly spurred on by the war, created a new culture of competition and materialism. Massachusetts whaling fleets from Salem, Nantucket and New Bedford became vulnerable to Confederate attack during the war. According to the book, The Maritime History of Massachusetts by Samuel Eliot Morrison, the Civil War greatly affected Massachusetts commerce and shipping but Morrison argues that maritime shipping had been slowly dying before the war even began: “Every great war has brought an upheaval in Massachusetts commerce, some for the better, but for the Civil War conspicuously for the worse. Died in Rebel Prison [at Andersonville, Ga.], May 15, 1864. [9], The dominant political figure in Massachusetts during the war was 25th Governor John Albion Andrew a staunch Republican who energetically supported the war effort. [29], At the start of the war, the Springfield Armory was one of only two federal armories in the country, the other being the Harpers Ferry Armory. Breckinridge. [30] The armory produced the primary weapon of the Union infantry during the war—the Springfield rifled musket. While passing through Baltimore on April 19, 1861, the 6th Massachusetts was attacked by a pro-secession mob and became the first volunteer troops to suffer casualties in the war. [29], Another key source of war materiel was the Watertown Arsenal, which produced ammunition, gun carriages and leather military accouterments. Several firms continued the carrying trade profitably in sailing vessels for some years; and many remained faithful to blue water for the rest of their lives. In May 1862, he was completely out-generaled by Stonewall Jackson and forced to abandon the Shenandoah Valley. Generals from Massachusetts commanded several army departments, and included a commander of the Army of the Potomac as well as a number of army corps commanders. Massachusetts Army & Navy, 1861-1865 (database of deaths) Ancestry . The American merchant marine had increased and prospered during the earlier wars, in spite of depredations infinitely greater than those of the Alabama and her consorts…The Civil War merely hastened a process that had already begun, the substitution of steam for sail. John William "Willie" Grout, 15th MA Infantry, was commissioned a Lieutenant right out of high school at the age of 18.He was killed at the Battle of Ball's Bluff, VA, and was the first soldier from Worcester to be killed in action during the Civil War. Engineer Pater Haggerty Henry Whitney Bellows, founder of the United States Sanitary Commission, and independent nurse Clara Barton, future founder of the American Red Cross. [1] Politicians from Massachusetts, echoing the views of social activists, further increased national tensions. [27], The advanced state of industrialization in the North, as compared with the Confederate states, was a major factor in the victory of Union armies. The armory became a national historic site in the 1970s and is open to visitors. Page of 42. [37] Growing dissatisfied with bringing supplies to hospitals, Barton eventually moved her efforts to the battlefield itself. FHL film 1544205 (first of 15 films). That I, loving peace, should be called to take such a great responsibility in a dreadfully ghastly civil war.”. [38], In all, 12,976 servicemen from Massachusetts died during the war, about eight percent of those who enlisted and about one percent of the state's population (the population of Massachusetts in 1860 was 1,231,066). On April 15, 1861, Governor Andrew received a telegraph from Washington D.C. calling for 1,500 men from Massachusetts to serve for 90 days. O’Connor, Thomas H. Civil War Boston: Home Front and Battlefield. During the Civil War, the island served as a training camp for draftees from New England states. History and Complete Roster of the Massachusetts Regiments. The fort became a national historic site in 1958 and is now open to visitors. “Boston Harbor Islands During the Civil War.” National Park Service,www.nps.gov/boha/learn/historyculture/civil-war.htm Massachusetts was the first state to send troops to join the war effort after the Battle of Fort Sumter occurred on April 12, 1861. The incident further heightened sectional tensions. Many abolitionist meetings and meetings about the Union were held in Faneuil Hall prior and during the Civil War. It was only when the … [40], With the war over and his primary goal completed, Governor Andrew declared in September 1865 that he would not seek re-election. Home Page for Commemorating the Civil War; This month the current selection from Massachusetts Finds Her Voice; Archive of selections; The Massachusetts Historical Society is recognizing the 150th anniversary of the Civil War with online presentations of manuscripts selected from its collections, lectures by noted Civil … [36], Clara Barton, a former teacher from Oxford, Massachusetts and clerk in the U.S. Patent Office, created a one-woman relief effort. Dead (Combat) (408977 bytes) 11. Dix had a reputation for rejecting nurses who were too young or attractive, believing that patients and surgeons alike would not take them seriously. Lowell Cemetery. [46] On the national level, Sumner joined with Representative Thaddeus Stevens from Pennsylvania and others to achieve Congressional approval of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, outlawing slavery and granting increased citizenship rights to former slaves. The regiment's motto (or battle-cry) was Faugh a Ballagh (Clear the Way!). The service records of these men, North and South, are contained in the Civil War … On March 30th, 1863, the Massachusetts General Court appropriated $1 million for coastal defenses and construction began on earthworks at Provincetown, Gloucester, Salem, Plymouth and Newburyport in October. [4] Antislavery activists in Massachusetts sought to influence public opinion and applied moral and political pressure on the United States Congress to abolish slavery. Skeletons of up to four people are the first human remains unearthed at a mass grave in Spain and were likely killed by the Franco regime at the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. Although he was successful at reviving the esprit de corps of his army by better distributing supplies and food, he was unable to effectively lead the army in the field, and his inaction during the Battle of Chancellorsville led to his resignation of his command. Once hostilities began, Massachusetts supported the war effort in several significant ways, sending 159,165 men to serve in the Union Army and the Union Navy for the loyal North. Watch 3D stereoscopic photographs of the dead after the Battle of Gettysburg here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThqI8m2S2S8Rare post-mortem … Soon the mill’s raw cotton supplies became more valuable then finished cloth. The Knickerbocker Press, 1900. “Massachusetts in the Civil War: 1861-1862.” Massachusetts Historical Society, www.masshist.org/features/massachusetts-in-the-civil-war-1861-1862 In late 1861, the Confederate states instituted an embargo on cotton which brought northern trade and the textile mills to a halt. Details of the men are provided below, and they have been plotted relative to the 19th Massachusetts … "[15], Given that the 6th Massachusetts reached Washington on April 19 (the anniversary of the Battles of Lexington and Concord, which commenced the American Revolutionary War) and other Massachusetts regiments were en route to Washington and Virginia on that date, the first militia units to leave Massachusetts were dubbed, "The Minutemen of '61. Entries in the list are arranged by name of county and thereunder alphabetically by name of deceased. Douglas received 34,370 votes and John Bell received only 22,232 votes (13 percent). [19] The story of the 54th Massachusetts was the basis for the 1989 film Glory. Across the nation, organizations such as the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) were established to provide aid to veterans, widows and orphans. Of these men, 133,002 served in the Union army and 26,163 served in the navy. One such person was Charles Francis Adams,  grandson of John Adams and the recently appointed U.S. ambassador to Great Britain, who said “Mr. They settled on Fort Adams in Newport Harbor and, on May 8, 1861, the ship arrived in Newport Harbor where it safely remained for the duration of the war. In this capacity, Banks led the successful and strategically important Siege of Port Hudson in the summer of 1863, but also the disastrous Red River Campaign in the spring of 1864, which he commanded under protest. [24] He then commanded the II Corps during the Northern Virginia Campaign and was eventually transferred to command of the Department of the Gulf, coordinating military efforts in Louisiana and Texas. Approximately 6,115 were killed in battle, 5,530 died of disease, 1,483 died as prisoners, 257 died in accidents and 557 died from other causes besides battles. She was granted access through army lines and helped the wounded in numerous campaigns, soon becoming known as the "Angel of the Battlefield." The debate on slavery was raging since the nation's founding. Approximately 6,115 were killed in battle, 5,530 died of disease, 1,483 died as prisoners, 257 died in accidents and 557 died from other causes besides battles. [25], Another significant general from Massachusetts, Maj. Gen. Edwin Vose Sumner, born in 1797, was the oldest general officer with a field command on either side of the war. John Albion Andrew served as governor of Massachusetts throughout the Civil War, holding the office from January 1861 through January 1866. [43] The group most affected by this political shift was the growing Boston Irish community, who had backed the Democratic Party and were without significant political voice for decades. The state also made important contributions to relief efforts. From 1861 to 1865, the Civil War ravaged America. As a result, according to the book The United States Naval Academy, on April 26, Blake decided to sail the USS Constitution to New York to protect it from attack. The Union armies had from 2,500,000 to … BILLERICA. 2013, opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/16/the-boston-draft-riots/?_r=0 Fort Independence is a historic fort in Boston harbor that was originally built in the 17th century. Regiment lost during service 2 Officers and 17 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 50 Enlisted men by disease. Although this was helpful, Blake knew this was only temporary and securing the academy and the Constitution against attack would require so large a troop presence that it would be nearly impossible. Convinced that war was imminent, Andrew took rapid measures to prepare the state militia for active duty. Revere’s grandsons fought in some of the most famous battles of the Civil War but only one of them survived the war.

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