Key groups involved in the formation of the Vegetarian Society were members of the Bible Christian Church, supporters of the Concordium, and readers of the Truth-Tester journal. That is the basis of my vegetarianism. By the end of 1953 Cross was set for battle again, to put the Society's new animal rights definition into greater force. VEGANISM aims at encouraging the manufacture and use of alternatives to animal products. http://www.ivu.org/congress/wvc57/souvenir/heron.html A disproportionately large percentage of its the Society's vegan membership seem to be similarly engaged in infighting -- including physical violence against other vegans. He apparently couldn't allow a compliment to Watson to go unanswered without an attempt to try to tout his own horn and elevate himself. So what came most to Watson's mind in answer to this overarching question of what veganism stands for? [8] Between 1875-1896 membership for the Vegetarian Society was 2,159 and associate membership 1,785. Some vegans at the UK Vegan Society's Annual General Meeting demanded the soymilk company be stripped of its UK "Vegan Society-approved" logo, for killing innocent creatures. But there are UK Vegan Society board members who may try to do so. Still Watson had no pledges for members to sign, no demands for perfection. He wrote other stronger articles equating veganism with animal rights, repeating that the health-only vegans were not vegans at all. He was right. Our advice is not to let anyone try to redefine veganism, including people in the UK Vegan Society who took control after Watson left, and changed his work. Cross argued that it made sense that veganism should be about all issues relating to animal rights, such as opposing the use of animals for vivisection, entertainment, labor, silk, horseback riding, hunting, and so forth. The rest of Heron's 1957 speech, as can be seen at the link above, is about veganism as a diet. Animal rights issues, and even the term "animal rights activist," only became common in the late 1970s, following Peter Singer's 1975 book Animal Liberation. (The part about Watson wanting animal rights, of course, flew in the face of nearly all evidence to that time.) Another vegan who has tried to rewrite UK Vegan Society history was animal rights activist Gary Francione, a law professor at Rutgers, New Jersey. There was, however, still no attempt to find an agreed definition of veganism. In the early 1960s, the ceremonial vice-president role was also reinstated by the Society. In her articles in the early years she attemped to expand veganism to include raw food-only, nuclear disarmament, and various other "new age" issues. "Vegan" itself once again meant only diet, and "humane" was necessary to use to signfiy how vegans believed animals should be treated. It appears Watson was forseeing how some vegans might attempt to use vegan purity as a weapon against other vegans, and he wanted none of it. Watson did not want any purity pledges or demands for perfection in order for people to join them. The rest of Henderson's article discussed the vegan diet. Although Watson opposed the exploitation of animals, he expressed concern that activities of some animal rights activists could be "counterproductive." While Cross asserted he was "widening" the scope of veganism by making it synonymous with animal rights, he actually limited the definition by favoring only one of the reasons that had prompted Watson to create veganism and the Society. Because of this, the UK Vegan Society is virtually irrelevant in the vegan movement today. At this early point, Watson and the other board members toyed with the idea of having members sign a pledge promising to follow a vegan diet completely in order to be full, voting members. It was not until 1995 that common usage began to include a prohibition on using animal products outside of diet. He was a health vegan and board member of the vegan Natural Hygiene Society (today called the National Health Association or NHA). There were probably earlier groups, but little exists in recorded history about this topic. At the time, the UK Vegan Society had grown to about 600 members, with about 100 new members a year signing up since Watson created it. An article in the Society's magazine, the Vegetarian Messenger, in 1851 discussed alternatives to shoe leather, which suggests Vegans today follow their own conscience, and since it is impossible to live in the world without inflicting some measure of suffering to animals, each vegan makes their own decisions about their own vegan life and circumstances. One distinctive feature of the Bible Christians was a belief in a meat-free diet, or ovo-lacto vegetarianism, as a form of temperance. (Singer personally had no problem with free-range cows out in the field being milked -- he was a lacto-ovo vegetarian at the time.) Pupils at the school followed a diet completely free of animal products, known today as a vegan diet. The Vegan Society may have been established 75 years ago but veganism has been around much longer. It appears in the 1990s Francione was motivated at least in part because he was upset that veganism in the US was centered on diet and had not sufficiently embraced animal rights concerns. The American trip, and perhaps the financial problems of the Society, seem to have had a major impact on John Heron -- his first editorial for 1955 was entitled "Plants," merely mentioning briefly the concern for "animal welfare" before concentrating on the importance of plants for good health. Clearly, Watson did not create or envision creating a strident animal rights group, harshly judging others, screaming "murderers!" That was the entirety of the Society's involvement in non-food, non-commodities "animal rights" issues during it's entire existence. Watson's key cofounder of the Non-dairy Vegetarian Group in 1944 was a man named Dugald Semple. see: Joanne Stepaniak. Watson later wrote that he actually went vegan himself around 1941. Learn more. (See screenshots of mastheads of first three issues at right.) The Vegan Society has been formed to coordinate and assist these pioneers in their efforts, it has a threefold aim: So vegan meant an animal-free diet, and "encouraging" the use of alternatives to "animal commodities." Avoiding other uses of animals beyond diet, however, was never "required" to be vegan, merely "encouraged." The company had no choice but to bring in pest control experts. One of the final questions he asked Watson was: "Donald, do you have any message for the many thousands of people who are now vegan?" John Heron's first editorial of 1956 appealed to members to take health more seriously. He had adopted the diet in 1905, and had lectured extensively around England about diet starting during WW1. [4], The Vegetarian Society's first full public meeting was held in Manchester the following year.
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